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The Evergreen Revolution, a concept by Dr. M.S. Swaminathan, aims at achieving sustainable agricultural growth that ensures food security and addresses environmental concerns. Unlike the Green Revolution, which focused on high-yielding varieties and chemical inputs, the Evergreen Revolution emphasizes ecological sustainability, resource efficiency, and climate resilience.
Historical Context
The Green Revolution of the 1960s boosted food production but caused environmental issues like soil degradation and water scarcity. The Evergreen Revolution seeks to address these issues through sustainable practices.
Importance: In the face of climate change, population growth, and dwindling resources, the Evergreen Revolution is crucial for long-term food security and environmental sustainability.
Objectives:
Ensuring Food Security: Increase agricultural productivity sustainably and diversify food sources.
Enhancing Ecological Sustainability: Promote practices that conserve soil health, reduce water usage, and enhance biodiversity.
Improving Livelihoods of Farmers: Increase farmers' income through sustainable practices.
Promoting Climate Resilience: Develop crop varieties that can withstand extreme weather conditions.
Components:
Sustainable Agricultural Practices: Organic farming and conservation agriculture to maintain soil health and reduce pollution.
Technological Innovations: Precision agriculture and biotechnology to improve efficiency and crop resilience.
Integrated Farming Systems: Combine crop production with livestock and aquaculture for diversified income sources.
Policy Support: Effective policies and institutional frameworks to promote sustainable agriculture.
NITI Aayog’s Roadmap
The Indian government's policy think tank has laid out a comprehensive strategy to transform Indian agriculture into a sustainable and resilient sector. Key initiatives include doubling farmers' income, promoting Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF), leveraging digital technology, and fostering public-private partnerships.
Mitigating Climate Change: The Evergreen Revolution promotes practices that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, enhance water use efficiency, promote agroforestry, and develop climate-resilient crops.
Latest Updates
The Indian government has launched various policies to support the Evergreen Revolution, such as the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY) and the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA). Technological advancements and ongoing research are integral to this framework.
Conclusion
The Evergreen Revolution represents a holistic approach to agricultural development, balancing productivity with environmental sustainability. It underscores the commitment to transforming Indian agriculture into a resilient sector, offering a viable pathway to a sustainable agricultural future.
Note: In this UPSC CAPF Essay, we have given subheadings for your reference. When you write in the UPSC exam, you don't need to do that.
