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Overview
India faces significant challenges from Information Warfare (IW) tactics employed by China and Pakistan, aimed at influencing public opinion and political narratives.
These efforts include disinformation, cyber espionage, and manipulation of digital platforms to destabilize India's internal and geopolitical standing.
China's Information Warfare Tactics
Integrated Approach: China integrates IW as part of its broader military and commercial strategy, utilizing cyberattacks and espionage under its Integrated Network Electronic Warfare (INEW) framework.
San Zhong Zhanfa Strategy: This strategy combines media, psychological, and legal warfare to control public opinion and assert territorial claims, particularly targeting India among other neighbors.
Disinformation During COVID-19: Allegations suggest China spread misinformation regarding the pandemic to undermine India's response and discredit its vaccine efforts, while promoting Chinese vaccine diplomacy.
Pakistan's Information Warfare Strategies
Disinformation and Propaganda: Pakistan's IW focuses on stoking anti-India sentiments through fabricated news and social media manipulation, emphasizing issues like Kashmir and communal tensions.
Manipulation of Military Conflicts: Post the 2019 Balakot airstrike, Pakistan used digital media to challenge the effectiveness of India's military operations and spread false narratives internationally.
Targeting Indian Muslims: Pakistan consistently portrays India's treatment of Muslims negatively, aiming to incite international condemnation and internal unrest.
India's Countermeasures
Digital Literacy and Public Awareness: India has launched initiatives to enhance digital literacy and establish strong fact-checking mechanisms to counter false information.
Directorate of Information Warfare: Recognizing the need for specialized attention to IW, India established a directorate focused on strategizing against adversarial information campaigns.
Need for a Comprehensive Strategy: India's response requires a holistic approach, integrating all governmental levels with advanced technology to safeguard national interests and enhance global competitiveness.
Conclusion
India must develop a proactive, integrated strategy to effectively counter the sophisticated IW threats from China and Pakistan, leveraging technology and international cooperation to maintain its sovereignty and democratic integrity.
Note: In this UPSC CAPF Essay, we have given subheadings for your reference. When you write in the UPSC exam, you don't need to do that.
