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Introduction
Hybrid warfare combines conventional, irregular, and cyber tactics with disinformation to disrupt opponents without open hostilities. Information warfare manipulates public perception and undermines institutional trust, prominently seen in the India-Pakistan relationship, particularly around the Kashmir dispute. This study explores the dynamics of information warfare between the two nations, focusing on social media since 2010.
The Process of Information Warfare
Begins with gathering intelligence on current events in the targeted nation.
Information is manipulated by removing, inserting, or altering data to align with the orchestrator’s narrative, serving as a weapon against the state or government.
Digital Conflict Between India and Pakistan
Targets various audience groups by presenting conflicting perspectives to exploit religious, cultural, or societal divisions.
Pakistan uses both traditional media and digital platforms to target India.
Security Risks from Social Media
Social media’s global reach and rapid information sharing pose significant risks.
Indian armed forces and government personnel sharing sensitive information online jeopardize national security.
Notable Incidents
2022: An Indian Army jawan was arrested for allegedly spying for Pakistan’s ISI via a Facebook contact.
May 2023: A DRDO scientist was arrested for allegedly passing sensitive information to Pakistan.
Impact on Government and Public Perception
Undermines government credibility by questioning policies and decisions.
Manipulates public perception, destabilizing social and political structures.
Social media portrays India as Islamophobic, targeting issues like Triple Talaq and CAA-NRC.
Propaganda and Digital Manipulation
Pakistani media influences search results for terms like CAA, NRC, and Article 370, steering narratives and impacting perceptions.
The Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR) disseminates military news, often criticizing India and expressing solidarity with Kashmir.
India’s Deterrence Strategy
Proposed amendments to IT rules, 2021, require social media platforms to monitor and regulate false content.
Enhancing cybersecurity through Command Cyber Operations and Support Wings (CCOSW) in the Indian Army.
Note: In this UPSC CAPF Essay of Digital Conflict Between India and Pakistan, we have given subheadings for your reference. When you write in the UPSC exam, you don't need to do that.
